into the Anthropocene? No one knows, though it seems clear that the Holocene would have extended for quite a while longer if we hadn't interfered with the planet's basic processes (the previous age, the Pleistocene, lasted two million years). And there's no reason to think the civilization wouldn't have extended right along with it.

But that's not an option, apparently, if we cross over these tipping points. Will we pull back in time? I don't know, though it's looking increasingly unlikely. If we don't, then how and where we build resilience will become the issue of greatest concern.

I, for one, have my fingers crossed.


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picture of a continental divide sign in the Targhee National Forest
A tipping point from yesteryear, Idaho-Montana border